Corporate Social Responsibility And Its Impact On The...

There have been many changes in the way businesses are managed today than it was just a few years ago. Not too long ago, it used to be which product is the cheapest or which one is the most valuable, while nowadays these are not the important criteria in the product purchase process and there are many new factors that consumers consider. Many corporations understood these changes in society that evolved the Corporate Social Responsibility concept and its implications on the companies’ actions. New Balance, one of the biggest footwear companies in the world, was one of the first companies that saw the hidden potential in applying this concept. Despite the applications of social responsibility in the company’s daily activities, it faced difficulties in receiving recognition for its actions because of wrong actions that the company had made in regard of active communication with its stakeholders, difficulty in defining organizational understanding of what social responsibi lity is and more. In this case, I will present and analyze the actions that New Balance has to perform in order to have stronger and more successful CSR policy in the company. New Balance was founded in the early twentieth century by a waiter named William J. Riley and in 1972 it was bought by its current owners James and Anna Davis. As the owners of the company they managed to lead it to the fourth biggest brand in the shoe industry today. The footwear industry that contains super brands like Nike, AdidasShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Corporate Social Responsibility On Business1626 Words   |  7 Pagescontrast, this research shows that the impact of corporate social responsibility can extend beyond public relations and customer goodwill to influence the way consumers evaluate a company s products. Specifically, this research documents that acts of social goodwill--even when they are unrelated to the company s core business, as in the case of charitable giving--can alter product perceptions, such that products of companies engaged in prosocial activities are perceived as performing better. MoreRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Ethical Responsibil ity1529 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility: Should we, or should we not. Corporate Social Responsibility (C.S.R.) is a theory practiced in the business sphere since fifty years. It refers to the duty of business organizations to adopt certain activities that will benefit the society in some way. Charity, health-awareness campaigns are few examples that a business undertakes to fulfil its objectives of C.S.R. According to this ideal, it is important for various corporations today to undertake such social activitiesRead MoreCorporate Responsibility Through Improved Community Involvement1284 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Responsibility Through Improved Community Involvement Introduction: The midlevel company is often in a challenging position with respect to achieving a positive social performance. Where larger companies generally possess the resources to engage in high-level scholarship programs, popular charity causes and other far-reaching philanthropic activities, midlevel firms must pick and choose the causes that give them the best chance to have a positive and tangible impact. 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However, those companies that undertake what may be termed ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ must decide; what are the actual social responsibilities of these companies? I will present a possible paradigm. Also, I will look at theRead MoreSustainability Accounting And Non Financial Reporting1052 Words   |  5 Pagesnon-financial reporting to incorporate the company’s operational information, social and environmental activities, and their ability to deal with related risks. Not only do these acts have effects on society and the environment, but they also directly impact company’s financial statements. The most widely accepted definition of sustainability that has emerged over time is the â€Å"triple bottom-line†, which incorporates three key elements of performance: financial, social, and environmental viability (Slaper)Read MoreEthical Implications Of Ethical Leadership830 Words   |  4 Pagesare providing. Many business implemented corporate social responsibility concept into their core value. Ethical leaderships improve companies’ image, restore investors’ confidence, prevent and reduce companies from conducting unlawful activities, and increase customers’ satisfaction and trust (Kar, n.d.). These are typical reasons that ensure the importance of ethical leadership in modern world. However, not every leaders are ethical. There are negative impacts that those companies need to face in caseRead MoreSocial Responsibility at the Target Corporation1110 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Social Responsibility and the Target Corporation Companies today are heavily influenced by the demands of customers and stakeholders. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the social and environmental responsibility policies and practices developed by an organization to increase its positive influence and reduce its negative activity towards society (Parks, 2008). The business approach and corporate philosophy of an organization is easily altered due to economic pressures, technological

Summary Of John Goodman s The Red Flies - 875 Words

Young Goodman Brown kisses goodbye to his wife as the sun sets outside their village in Salem. His wife Faith who was wearing pink ribbons in her hair, asks him not to leave. She asks him to sleep in his own bed tonight, because she is afraid when she is alone. Goodman tells her this one night he must go, out of all the days in the year. Goodman tells his wife to say her prayers, and go to bed before it gets dark outside and she will be safe. He must be doing something wrong, because he looks back at her and feels guilty for leaving her for this one errand. Goodman Brown took a dark, dreary road within the forest. He talks to himself, in fear that people are hiding behind the trees. He thinks the devil, or Indians will be hiding. He turned back and a man appeared in the distance. The man appears dressed in average clothes, and he tells Goodman that he is late and Brown uses his wife as an excuse. This man appeared to be around the same age as Goodman Brown. He appeared older slightly, and carried a staff with a snake carved into it. The man offers him the staff so they can travel faster. Goodman refuses, and says that he came for the meeting. He came to meet, then he wants to return home to his village. Goodman tells the man that his family has always been smart people not doing bad business in the woods, and he will follow their footsteps. The elder man claims that he knew Goodman’s family, and helped his grandfather. Young Goodman Brown still wants to return to his villageShow MoreRelatedAdult Illiteracy7435 Words   |  30 PagesAfter a few weeks you have learned how to drive, how to stop, how to shift gears, how to park, and how to signal. You have also learned to stop at a red light and understand road signs. When you are ready, you take a road test, and if you pass, you can drive. Phonics-first works the same way. The child learns the mechanics of reading, and when he s through, he can read. Look and say works differently. 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No Men Are Foreign Free Essays

‘No men are foreign’ tell us that we should not consider anyone as foreign or ‘strange. ‘ Humanity is the same all over the world and in harming anyone we are harming ourselves. This poem emphasizes the fact that men might belong to different races, nations, but are basically bound by a common bond i. We will write a custom essay sample on No Men Are Foreign or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. they all feel pain when hurt and shed tears on the loss of someone close and wars should not break this common bondage. In destroying another country we are destroying our own Earth. The poem tells us to look upon humanity as unified entity. [pic]The poem is obviously a strong plea for universal brotherhood. It underlines the fact that the people of different countries have same physical, mental emotional experiences. Their fate is the same. They are in no way different even though they wear different clothes speak different languages. Nobody should be viewed as stranger no country foreign. The poet emphasizes the futility of hating those who belong to other countries. When we wage war against others, we only defile our own earth. The dust smoke caused by war weapons pollute the very air we all breathe.The poet calls upon the people to liberate the world from man-made barriers and parochialism (narrow outlook). There is much in common between different races of the world. [pic] This poem is written to foster feelings of fraternity, brotherhood and to emphasise that people of different nations are alike in every manner-fate, times of sorrows and happiness etc. Therefore James Kirkup has written this poem to say that we are the children of the God and should we desecrate our Earth by waging wars, by fighting we are condemning ourselves. How to cite No Men Are Foreign, Papers

food, nutrition and weight loss Essay Example For Students

food, nutrition and weight loss Essay Human beings require food to grow, reproduce, and maintain good health. Without food, our bodies could not stay warm, build or repair tissue, or maintain a heartbeat. Eating the right foods can help us avoid certain diseases or recover faster when illness occurs. These and other important functions are fueled by chemical substances in our food called nutrients. Nutrients are classified as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Although humans need food to survive, many people eat too much, or choose the wrong foods to eat, which leads to the body putting on weight. When you eat more calories than your daily energy requirements the extra calories are stockpiled as body-fat. Slowly these fat cells keep building up and settle on the hips, waist, thighs, upper arms and back, as well as around the heart, kidneys, liver and other organs. Fortunately body-fat can easily converted into energy, however, you must reduce your fat intake and exercise regularly. If you only reduce your fat and dont exercise, your body will also break down muscle tissue and use them for fuel. Many people struggle to lose weight that is put on and thats where weight loss companies come to the rescue. There are many different ways for weight to be lost, as there are many different sorts of weight loss companies. Firstly there is exercise centres such as gyms and recreation centres which focus on fitness as the key to lose weight, Many varieties of pills, tablets and vitamin supplements are available that claim to make you lose weight. Meal replacement programs are available where the consumer has a liquid drink instead of a meal and this provides them with necessary nutrients. Diet plans are commonly found in magazines as well as the more common weight loss centres which some supply you with foods to eat and others inform you and assist you in making wise food choices. Whatever weight loss program is chosen the consumer will be required to move more and eat less which can be a common mis-conception in overweight people wanting to lose weight. Overweight people sometimes have the wrong attitude towards weight loss and many think its impossible or will involve them having to do too much. This is where the advertising of the weight loss centres comes in promising them that they can still eat cake and chips and keep their quality of life. Another problem overweight people can have is that they often seek weights that may be biologically impossible to achieve or, if achieved, cannot be maintained. Weight loss centres can help overweight people reach their ideal weight by giving them mental help as well as physical help. The centres inform people of good nutrition and appropriate food choices and many combine support sessions with information sessions and some hold exercise sessions as well. To lose weight a person basically needs to exercise more and start eating a balanced and plenty of healthy foods. Although this may sound simple, a weight loss program will help an overweight person achieve their weight loss goals through advice and support they would not otherwise receive. Health Care .

The plays key themes Essay Example For Students

The plays key themes Essay Using the detailed opening stage directions and the introduction of Goole on page 11 as your starting point, discuss how a director might develop the use of settings and characterisation to bring out the plays key themes.  The playwrights stage directions suggest Priestleys interpretations of the play. Priestleys emphasis is characterisation and this is shown within his stage directions.  Priestleys stage directions are pescriptive and detailed. This shows that he is very concerned about the response and perceptions of his audience. Similarly, the directions for the entrance of Inspector Goole are quite specific.  In this essay, I will examine Priestleys first set of stage directions, which advise the directors setting for Act One.  The furniture should be chosen to appear, solid, substantial, and, heavily comfortable, showing Arthur Birlings quality yet possibly vulgar and questionable taste and even views.  Priestleys stage directions are so pescriptive he even mentions the lighting. Before the Inspector enters, the lighting is, pink and intimate, suggesting a warm, pleasant atmosphere appropriate for a close family gathering. The light the suddenly changes to, bright and hard, as the Inspector enters, suggesting in a visual metaphor, the brutal, uncompromising way Inspector Goole throws light on the familiys sordid secrets. We will write a custom essay on The plays key themes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, if I were the director I would put the Inspector slightly in the shadows, to symbolise his mysterious character. I would also put light on each member of the family so the audience could see their shock and to emphasis the metaphor.  Next, the arrangement of the people around the table shows Arthur and Sybil Birlings superiority within the family as they both sit at each end of the table as the most important people do. To emphasise their authority, I would seat them in a majestic, thick wooden chairs, different to the other family members chairs. Additionally, the audience can automatically distinguish that the family are celebration as the males are wearing, tails and white ties, and there are also, champagne glasses, being cleared away. Wealth again is a theme here.  This scene gives the impression of a happy and united family looking forward to the future with a degree of confidence. However, in retrospect, there are a number of hints that not all is what it seems, but these are not particularly obvious until later in the play. Character is also important within a play. The director must make the actor visually represent the actor as well as performing the Priestleys message through their character.  Priestley expresses the wish for a, portentous, Birling. He is a pompous, sandimonius character. As a director, this would encourage me to instruct the actor to project an ominous, domineering presence. The audience should see Birling as intimidating and a bit of a bully as his name would suggest. He must also appear wealthy and of importance. Next, Sybil Birling is presented to be a disdainful, haughty character. She is also a little snobbish although she married below her own social status. To reflect this, I would instruct the actor to speak properly, pronouncing all words correctly. I would dress her in expensive clothes and fine jewellery to echo her social class. She must also be strong and determined.  Priestley asks for Sheila to be, very pleased with life and rather excited. Sheila is the spoilt child within the family; she is slightly smug with this. To represent her character I would ask the actor to be giggly and over-affectionate to her fian Gerald. She is extremely excitable and girly.  Gerald is described as, easy well-bred young man-about-town. He should be portrayed as self-satisfied and quite crafty. He would be an attractive man and appear to have great respect for Arthur Birling. To show this I would instruct the actor to be attentive to everything that Birling says.

Curriculum as PRAXIS Proposal

Curriculum as PRAXIS Proposal Abstract A curriculum is important to both the students and the school instructors and therefore the two parties should be considered in its development. The physical education is an important part of the school curriculum although it is neglected in most schools. This essay therefore looks at the importance of physical education in the school curriculum.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Curriculum as PRAXIS Proposal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Secondly, the paper discusses the importance of instructions and the ability of students to follow them as well as the role-played by effective instructions in overcoming constraints by students and school instructors. Finally, there is the incorporation of school’s curriculum with physical education instructions. Physical education Curriculum Instructions determine how a learning institution is run and therefore are very important. There are different forms of inst ructions such as verbal and written instructions and the choice of the mode of instruction depends on their suitability in relation to the parties concerned. Choice of instruction mode also depends on various factors such as the type of instructions, the information, student’s level and student’s abilities. The most important determinant of the mode of instructions is the subject considering that all other factors are held constant. This implies that the school management and curriculum developers should develop a curriculum that is free from constraints to the students as well as the instructors (Curzon, 1985). In addition, a curriculum that is free from constraints is beneficial to the students and the instructors because it makes work easier. In the modern age, the use of technology has increased and therefore schools and learning institutions have embraced technology. In schools, the use of technology comes in as an extra tool and as a teaching aid to instructors. In particular, schools can apply technology as a means of instructions and therefore the student’s ability to follow instructions is determined. Although technology can be of great benefits to the school instructors and students, most institutions have not fully utilized these benefits. As stated by Taylor (2006), although the emerging technologies have many benefits as a means of instruction their benefits are not reflected in schools. From this statement, it can be concluded that most schools do not benefit from technology due to lack of implementation.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The statement also shows that use of technology contributes to the passing of instructions by the school instructors. Howell (2003) confirms this statement and goes on to give Ontario schools as some of the schools that have not fully applied technology as a means of instructions despi te having ability to do so. This statement confirms that technology can be of great importance in the instructions of students and that most schools have not fully exploited this resource (Usher Bryant, 1989). Instructions determine the level of success in physical education and therefore physical education instructors should consider applying technology as a means of instructions to overcome constraints. A curriculum that is free from constraints takes care of all the concerned parties. The curriculum should be more concerned with the students and their potentials, which is determined by various factors such as the learning ability of the student as well as the ability to follow instruction. Studies have also shown that there is a great difference between the modern students and students from previous years and therefore a good curriculum should consider this factor all the time. In order to overcome constraints curriculum developers should develop a curriculum that takes care of the two categories of students. Recent research indicates that most schools neglect physical education at the expense of other subjects. These studies also show that there is a close relationship between a school performance and the promotion of physical education in the schools. In most of these schools, lack of clear physical education instructions is the main indicator of the neglect of the subject. Technology can also be used as an effective means to measure or evaluate the impact of technology use and the level of instruction delivered to the students. As noted by Trucano (2005), the effectiveness or the ability of means of evaluation depends on the applied technology and therefore the ICT technology plays an important role. This statement implies that in addition to application of technology, schools and school instructors need to evaluate the effectiveness of technology in their schools.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Curriculum as PRAXIS Proposal s pecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The statement goes on to indicate that the ICT technology is the best measure that should be applied in the evaluation process. The measure of effectiveness of technology use as a means of instructions to the students also determines the purpose of the curriculum to the students and the school. There are various reasons why it is important to analyze the use of technology as a means of instruction in schools. Any relevant analysis in this field should focus on both the students and the school instructors (Tyler, 1949). A meaningful analysis should focus on students past experiences in the ICT field and the use of ICT technology as a form of instructions to the students. The analysis should therefore focus on the past use of technology by the students in both schools and homes. The next purpose of the analysis should be to investigate the mode and style of reading instructions and the student’s performan ce. Although a curriculum is mainly composed of instructions and plans, the evaluation part is important in the curriculum development (Grundy, 1987). From this statement, Grundy confirms that the evaluation of a curriculum is as important as the curriculum. Grundy goes on to add that the curriculum analysis process contributes or determines the student’s ability to follow instructions and this is important in physical education. According to Lieberman, (2007) theory, educators need to re-structure their definition and interpretation of literate activities and practices. This theory indicates that the school curriculum should also focus on the practical side of education instead of fully focusing on the theoretical aspect of education alone. An analysis on this theory indicates that incorporation of technology as a means of instruction on physical education characterize modern day education effectively. As stated by Biggs (2003), any valid analysis on following of instruction s in any curriculum should be based or focused on the students and their abilities. This statement implies the importance of curriculum analysis and the importance of focusing on the student in any analysis process. The statement also indicates that analysis on curriculum is important to both the instructors and the students. In addition to this, curriculum analysis assists curriculum developers in the identification of areas of constraints among students and means of avoiding these constraints.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As mentioned above, even though most schools are well established their system mainly focuses on the theoretical aspect of education at the expense of practical education. Therefore, evaluation and analysis of the school system should be done regularly (Smiles, 2007). Basic assumption As praxis curriculum is a process that depends on planning and implementations on top of the set guidelines and procedures that are followed. Planning and implementation requires cooperation between the students and the school, where the students should have the ability to follow instructions. In addition to that, the students and the school instructors should be at the same level in the understanding and use of instruction, which implies that the school should adopt instructions that correspond to the involved parties. As stated by Hirt (2008), improved communication in a school enhances the instructions used and the student’s ability to follow instructions. Creswell (2003) goes on to confirm t hat effective communication at the school level is both important to the students and the school instructors. In the physical education, instructions have an important role as compared to other subjects learned in school and is driven by instructions and therefore communication are vital for its success. Communication effectiveness in schools indicates that the students and the instructors should be at the same level in terms of communication and use the same means of communication. The ability to communicate also depends on the ability of both parties to use the available and existing forms of technology within the school. Potential challenges The success of the proposed curriculum depends on several factors, which are determined by either the student’s abilities or the school environment. In addition to this, the success of the proposed curriculum will mainly depend on the student’s ability to follow instructions. School instructors mainly develop instructions and th erefore most instructors will not have major problems in giving out instructions. The students are more affected by these instructions than the instructors are and therefore as the instructors develop instructions they should consider the students (Kelly, 1999). The instructors should therefore consider that the students are engaged in other learning activities on top of the physical education. This requires that the instructions developed for physical education are familiar to students and at the same time, they should be friendly (Kelly, 1983). A familiar and a friendly curriculum should be considerate of the other subjects and courses that the students are taking so that they can be flexible. Learning of instructions by the students is not a simple undertaking and therefore the instructors should design instructions that are easy to learn and follow (Piotrowski, 2000). In addition to this, the instructors should develop instructions that can be applied in other areas of studies t hat the students are engaged in. Instructions that are applicable in multiple areas are of benefit to both the students and the instructors since they save the time required for learning and teaching new instructions. Conclusion Although most schools are aware of the importance of physical education, most school programs lack this important component. Physical education is very important in the development of the students however; unlike other curriculum, physical education depends mainly on instructions. The suitability of instructions also determines the effectiveness of these instructions. Although technology has proved to be an important part in school’s development, most schools have not fully adopted the use of technology. Technology plays an important role in instruction process and therefore schools should consider its application in the physical education curriculum. The effectiveness of technology use in schools is determined by the school’s technology level and the student’s ability to use technology. Suitable instructions are instructions that are easy to learn and implement. In addition to that, suitable instructions should be applicable in a multiple of areas since they save the students the time needed to learn new instructions. Although physical education is highly dependent on instructions, the success of instructions mainly depends on their suitability to the students References Biggs, J. (1999). Teaching for quality learning at university. Buckingham: SRHE and Open University Press. Creswell, J. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (2nd ed.). California: Sage Publication. Curzon, L. B. (1985) Teaching in further education. An outline of principles and practice 3e. London: Cassell. Grundy, S. (1987). Curriculum: product or praxis? Lewes: Falmer Press. Hirt, M. (2008). Maximum middle school physical education. Illinois: Human Kinetics. Howell, S. (2003). E Learning and paper testin g: Why the gap? Educause Quarterly, Vol. 4, 8-10. Kelly, A. V. (1999). The curriculum. Theory and practice 4e. London: Paul Chapman. Kelly, A. V. (1983). Curriculum development: Theory and practice. New York: Harcourt Brace and World. Lieberman, L. (2007). Paraeducators in physical education: a training guide to roles and responsibilities. Canada: Human Kinetics. Piotrowski, S. (2000). Issues in physical education. London: Routledge. Smiles, S. (2007). Physical education: The nurture and management of children, founded on the study of their nature and constitution. Madison: University of Wisconsin. Taylor, A. R. (2006). A future in the process of arrival: Using computer technologies for the assessment of student learning. Web. Tyler, R. W. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Usher, R. Bryant, I. (1989). Adult education as theory, practice, and research: The captive triangle. London: Rutledge.

Older adults with non-English speaking backgrounds in their attempts Research Paper

Older adults with non-English speaking backgrounds in their attempts at accessing and receiving nursing care - Research Paper Example Older adults with non-English speaking backgrounds in their attempts at accessing and receiving nursing care The research conducted will essentially have descriptive elements as it will attempt to try and establish the communication issues affecting the older people population demographic of Australia without any intervention. In descriptive research the researcher needs to only collect the relevant data as they occur without necessarily disrupting the subjects (Creswell 2003). In this particular research data was obtained through the concentrated effort of conducting interviews and focus groups that were targeted at establishing the problems facing the older adults in their efforts at accessing and receiving adequate nursing care. This was done without any undue attempts by the researchers to try and make any attempts at modifying the answers that they managed to gather from the field. In this respect, the data obtained and reflected in this research can thus be highly regarded in the assurance that there were attempts by the researcher to influence any part of this research (Stake 1994). The qualitative approach that has been taken by this paper can be seen to actively facilitate a somewhat more pedantic and considerably exact response from the participants of this survey. This is as a result of this particular designs tendency to draw the attention of the participants to an outlook and perceptions that tend to allow for a more comprehensive study to be carried out. The complexity that is generally seen to be engendered by a more detailed examination would necessitate the need for the researcher to use more highly specialized methods in the collection and subsequent analysis of data (Patton, 1990). The focus of this particular research is focused on the problems facing older people with non English speaking backgrounds and this particular issue can adequately be predominantly investigated via the use of a qualitative research model of approach. This particular research can be judged as not requiring any attempt by the researcher towards establishing of the elucidati on of a more intense and deeper look into the sentiments that are seen to be expressed by the respondents. In light of this, it is plainly clear that the best approach to this particular research is the qualitative model of research. POPULATION AND SAMPLING PLAN THE TARGET POPULATION A target population can broadly be referred to as members of what can be considered to either be a hypothetical or real set of objects, people or events to which persons conducting a research can be seen to wish to generalize their research upon. This particular study was designed to target persons who were aged 50 years with non English speaking backgrounds residing in Australia. The research managed to access about 300 possible respondents who were deemed as being suitable target candidates for this research. Due to various limitations, it was not viable for data to be collected from all the 300 possible candidates and hence a sample size of about 30% was used to conduct the survey. SAMPLING PLAN This particular segment of the research will center on matters pertaining to establishing a sampling design and the subsequent sampling that will occur. Sampling can be broadly defined as the procedure that is to be used in the selection of a respondent or participant from among a given specific population while continually putting into consideration the peculiarities that will be deemed as being atypical to them (Neuman, 2002). It is possible for one to carry out sampling by conducting either the

Velocity 3 - Part II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Velocity 3 - Part II - Assignment Example This is because I have had a personal experience with my organization where we attempted to facilitate revenue generation through throughput put because there was lack of understanding among the team, we failed totally. It is therefore recommended that the ability to identify constraints and use throughput by your organization should be done on a regular basis so as to ensure that the people get the needed experience to do it right (Goldratt Institute, 2009). Indeed, there is sufficient evidence in literature to support the fact that blame game has never helped in the growth of organizations, as it leads to a situation where management refuse to tackle the actual problem but only the symptoms of it (Corbett, 2006). It is for this reason that I find the second passage you talked about very useful and important. Adding my insight to this, I would say that based on the velocity methodology, it is always important to see people as facilitators of change and therefore learn to make the most out of them (Jacob, Bergland & Cox, 2010). This means that even if people within the organization are found to be the cause of certain problems, instead of lambasting these people and discouraging them, they could be empowered t understand how they can personally contribute to the success of the organization. Once this is done, everyone would begin to benefit from

Economy through US History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economy through US History - Essay Example In fact, in such economies the country’s economic activities depend entirely on the decisions made by the government. For market economies, the supply and demand curves determine the shape that markets will take. Analysts that advocate for market economies argue that market economies are the best for thriving of successful economies. Market economies also work on the assumption that the government does not contribute to well being of the common citizen. It is the responsibility of the citizens to fix prices for their goods, subsidize industries, as well as authorize quotas. Though majority of the countries are characterized by mixed economies, it is evident that citizens have always advocated for a chance to regulate their own economies. In as much, market economies are considered the best in the global world, debates keep raging on how much the government has to do in order to have well-organized economic operations. Over the years, Americans have been on toes in an attempt t o attain a balance between government regulation of the economy and the individuals to make their own economic decisions. This essay shall trace the events and measures that took shape in America to the point whereby individuals were able to make their own economic decisions. In the primordial years, American history was characterized by less involvement of the government in business sectors, especially the private sector. The transportation sector is one of the major economic sectors that did not enjoy less government intervention. This phase of the economy was referred to as the laissez faire phase. Kuttner (220) argues that laissez faire traces its roots to the 18th century, a move that strongly resisted intervention of the government in businesses. This phase worked on the assumption of ‘let it be’, with championing of proper wages and duties for workers. At this time, it was generally accepted that the government had no role to play in restrictions on trade. The go vernment’s role was to ensure that regulations and rules were maintained in the business environment. By 19th century, the notion of laissez faire began transforming. This phase was characterized by small entrepreneurs’ business owners seeking for government interventions in their businesses. As time progressed, majority of these business owners, labor unions and firms were in a dire need for government representation. This move came up as a result of rising rate of uncertainties by the business owners on the movements that were supposedly out for their aid. Kuttner (101) argues that it is at this point that this group of progressives needed support by the government, in terms of business regulation, for free and fair markets. By 1930, the advent of the New Deal was taking shape in America. This phase was characterized by government intervention in the market economies. It was due to public demand that the government had to take control of its business sector, lest a n ew form of rule take over the entire system. It was during this stage that the state was going through massive economic disruptions and destructions that led to the need for immediate action to alleviate the crisis. The state was experiencing what was to be termed as the Great Depression. Murray (76) argues that, at this time the economic state of America was totally dislocated

Micronutrients Plays Significant Role In Plant Growth Biology Essay

Micronutrients Plays Significant Role In Plant Growth Biology Essay Chilli Capsicum annuum L. an important vegetable crop, widely cultivated in Pakistan. Chillies are native to South and Central America. In Pakistan, Kunri is the home of red chillies. It contributes about 85% of red chillies produced in Pakistan and is known as one of the largest production centers for red chillies in Asia (SBI, 2010). It is a perennial small shrub belongs to the family Solanaceae. It is an important agricultural crop, not only because of its economic importance, but also due to nutritional and medicinal value of its fruits. Chillies are an excellent source of vitamins A and C and it also contains Ca, P and Fe (Horticulture, 1994). Chilli is generally adapted to tropical climate and major chilli growing countries are India, China, Indonesia, Korea, Pakistan, Turkey and Sri Lanka. Chillies are used in salads, chutneys, sauces, pickles and form a key ingredient of diet in every home. It is also used in the preparation of natural colouring agents, cosmetics and pain bal ms (Savitha, 2008). It is realized that crop yield is badly affected by the deficiencies of micronutrients (Bose Tripathi, 1996). Plant nutrition has a great importance in enhancing quality and yield in chillies. If a plant is Zn deficient it can be controlled by direct application of Zn on plant leaves because Zn Salts are easily absorbed by the leaves. Zinc has a great effect on plant life processes, like uptake of nitrogen and protein quality, photosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis (Potarzycki Grzebisz, 2009). Deficiency symptoms firstly appear on younger leaves than the older leaves. A typical symptom of Zn deficiency is the stunted growth of leaves. Zn is enzymes activator and is essential for the consumption of sugars and carbohydrates transformation (Kirkby Romheld, 2004). Plant requirement of micronutrients like Zn can be fulfilled through soil application but in Pakistan soil pH is too high that limits the micronutrients uptake to plant, so foliar application of micronutrients is preferred over soil application. Foliar application of micronutrients may give 6 to 20 times better results in Pakistan than soil application (Liew, 1988). Foliar application of fertilizers is being used in vegetable and fruit crops. Foliar fertilizers are well-known for immediate delivery of nutrients to the plant tissues and organs (Baloch, Chachar Tareen, 2008). As Foliar nutrition of micronutrients is a simple method and it does not require much infrastructure so it helps in increasing productivity, better fertilizer use efficiency and lessens environmental hazards. The research work will be done with the following objectives. To check the effect of foliar application of Zn on vegetative and reproductive growth of chillies. To standardize the best dose of Zn for foliar application to increase productivity of chillies. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Botanically, Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. Chilli is an important crop not from economic point of view but also due to its nutritional as well as medicinal value. Growth and development is affected by the deficiency or lack of micronutrients. Due to immense importance of micronutrients in relation to plant growth and development a lot of researchers have worked on foliar application of micronutrients on fruit and vegetables. A brief analysis of reported work is given below. The chilli is supposed to be native to America where they have been cultivated for thousands of years. Mexico and Northern Central America is thought to be the centre of origin of Capsicum annuum L. and were first introduced to Indo-Pakistan sub-continent in the 17th century by Portuguese and Spanish explorers through trade routes from South America (Malik, 1994). Baloch, et al., (2008) conducted an experiment to check the effect of foliar application of macro and micronutrients on production of green chillies. They applied Higrow which is composed of Nitrophen (4 %), Nitrogen compound (12%), Iron (2%), Magnesium (2%), Manganese (2%), Boron (2%), Copper (4%), Molybdenum (2%), Potash (8%), P2O5 (12%) and Calcium (8%). They found that the foliar application of Higrow at 7 ml/L of water gave better growth and yield compared to other treatments. Datir, Apparao and Laware (2012) studied the effect of foliar application of organically chelated micronutrients on growth and yield in chilli (Capsicum annum L.). The results indicated that un-chelated micronutrient enhanced the growth and yield and plant characters to 10-15 %, while amino acid spray contributed to 15-20% increase. Whereas amino acid-chelated micronutrients increase the growth and yield contributing characters to 40-100% in chilli. Dongre, Mahorkar, Joshi and Deo (2000) studied the effect of foliar application of micronutrients (Zn, Fe and B) on yield and quantity of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) in combination of 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.50% respectively. They found that the treatment (ZnS04 0.50%) showed maximum yield while treatment (FeS04 0.25%) produced maximum number of seeds/fruit. Singh and Singh (2012) investigated the response of foliar application of micronutrients on growth and yield of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). The results indicated that plant characters like number of fruit per plant, plant height, fruit length, fruit yield, weight per fruit and weight of fruit per plant were higher by the foliar application of treatments 0.2 % iron and 0.3 % zinc as compared to other treatments and control. El-Bassiony, Fawzy, El-Samad and Riad (2010) investigated the effect of potassium fertilizes on growth, yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). They found that to get the better vegetative and reproductive growth, total fruit yield and chemical composition of sweet pepper could be obtained by foliar application of potassium humate (4 gm/L) or potassium oxide (4 ml/L) as a stimulative dose. Kaya and Higgs (2002) studied the response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars to foliar application of Zn when grown in sand culture at low zinc. They found that the plants grown in low (0.15 ÃŽÂ ¼mol là ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1) root zone zinc treatment had higher concentration of P and Fe furthermore plants receiving foliar applications of zinc at 3.5 mmol là ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1 had higher P in both the leaves and fruit. Zn, Fe, P and K concentration increased with increase of zinc concentration in the nutrient solution and also as a foliar spray. At 7.70 ÃŽÂ ¼mol là ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1 zinc in the nutrient solution Mg was lower in the roots of plants as compared to all other zinc treatments. They concluded that the negative effect of zinc deficiency can easily be controlled by the foliar application of Zn when it is applied at optimal range. Nasri, Khalatbari and Hossein (2011) conducted an experiment of foliar application of Zn on qualitative and quantitative features in bean (Phaseolous vulgaris) under different levels of N and K fertilizers. They found that the foliar application of Zn on bean had increased all the characteristics like carbohydrate percentage, carbohydrate yield, chlorophyll of leaves, radiation use efficiency, protein percentage and protein yield etc. and also reduced N fertilizer rate without reduction in plant characteristics. Abbasi, Baloch, Zia-ul-hassan, Wagan, Shah and Rajpar (2010) studied the growth and yield of okra under foliar application of some new multi nutrient fertilizer products. The results showed that the plant characters like number of branches per plant, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit length as well as crop yield of okra found to be maximum by application of all three foliar fertilizers with the recommended soil applied chemical fertilizers. Kiran, Vyakaranahal, Raikar, Ravikumar and Deshpande (2010) investigated seed yield and quality of brinjal as influenced by crop nutrition. The results indicated that the application of NPK 100:100:50 kg/ha + Azospirillum + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) each @ 125 g per ha (root dipping) + ZnSO4 (0.2%) spray gave maximum plant height (89.47 cm), number of leaves (87), number of fruits (20), fruit yield (27.06 t/ha), number of seeds per fruit (1852), number of branches (32), 1000 seed weight (7.90 g), percentage of germination (97), field emergence (91), seed yield (633 kg/ha) compared to other treatments and control. Kanujia, Ahmed, Chattoo, Nayeema, Naryan (2006) studied the effect of micronutrients on growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). The results indicated that plant height was maximum during both the seasons when foliar application of Zn was applied @ 100 ppm while maximum foliar application of mixture of all nutrients @ 100 ppm gave maximum plant spread, number of non-wrapper leaves, head weight, head yield and head diameter. Anees, Tahir, Shahzad and Mahmood (2011) conducted an experiment to check the effect of foliar application of micronutrients (Fe, B and Zn) on the quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dusehri plants. They found that compared to control all the micronutrients gave better results in term of fruit quality. Whereas trees sprayed with 0.4% FeSO4 + 0.8% H3BO3 + 0.8% ZnSO4 produced the maximum pulp weight (169.2 g), ascorbic acid (150.3 mg/100 ml), total soluble solids (27.9 Brix °), non-reducing sugars (8.83%), and less stone weight (28.13 g) along with low acidity (0.178%) compared to rest of treatments and control. Ghazvineh and Yousefi (2012) studied the effect of micronutrient application on yield and yield components of maize. The results showed that the foliar application of Zn, Fe and Mn with K fertilizer increased the quality and quantity of maize and lessened the high consumption of fertilizers. They also found that the best time of foliar application in maize is at stem elongation stage and cob elongation stage to get the higher yield and efficient use of micronutrients. PLAN OF WORK AND METHODOLOGY To check the effect of foliar application of Zn on growth and productivity of chilli crop through different vegetative and reproductive parameters, a research work will be conducted at University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha. Variables in the Study 1. Dose of micronutrient T1 = Control; T2 = 0.2% Zn T3 = s0.4% Zn, T4 = 0.6% Zn, T5 = 0.8% Zn, T6 = 0.2% Zn (twice applied) T7 = 0.4% Zn (twice applied) T8 = 0.6% Zn (twice applied) T9 = 0.8% Zn (twice applied), T10 = 0.2% Zn (thrice applied) T11 = 0.4% Zn (thrice applied) T12 = 0.6% Zn (thrice applied) T13 = 0.8% Zn (thrice applied) (All other factors or variables will be kept constant.) Research Design and Layout The research work will be conducted according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 13 treatments and three replications. Hybrid seeds of chilli variety HP-84 will be sown in the month of Feburary. Firstly seeds will be sown in the pots and to prevent from frost injury and to get early germination pots will be covered with polythene. After two months when chilli plants will attain proper size they will be transplanted to the prepared raised beds with the following dimensions (PÃÆ'-P = 22.5 cm, RÃÆ'-R = 60 cm) and treatments will be applied according to research plan. Foliar application of Zn on chilli plants will be applied with the following doses (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8%). The application of Zn doses will be twice and thrice after every 21 days and vegetative and reproductive parameters will be studied. Place of Work and Facilities Available The field work will be conducted at Horticultural Research Area while lab work will be performed at Horticulture Lab., Department of Horticulture, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha. All the resources and services required for conducting the research are available at above mentioned place. Data Collection and Analysis Data about vegetative parameters like plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, number of branches, fresh leaves weight, dry leaves weight, and data about reproductive parameters like number of flowers, number of fruits per plant, total fruit weight per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, fresh fruit weight, dry fruit weight per plant all will be taken. Plant height from zero nodes to tip will be measured in cm with the help of measuring tape. The data about number of nodes, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers per plant, number of fruits per plant will be taken by counting. Fruit length will be measured by measuring tape while fruit weight will be taken with the help of vernier caliper. Data about fresh leaves weight, dry leaves weight, fresh fruit weight, dry fruit weight per plant will be taken by weighing balance. For the analysis of collected data computer software will be used. The attained results will be explained through different statistical methods e.g. the means of data collected will be separated by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. Significant difference between treatment means will be compared by the Least significant difference (LSD) test at P= 0.05% (Steel, Torrie Dickey 1996).

Gay Parenting Should Not Be Encouraged Essay -- Sociology Same Sex Mar

Gay Parenting Should Not Be Encouraged Statistics from the United States (ACLU Fact sheet, 1999) estimate the there are between 6 and 14 million children being raised in same sex parent families. Whilst some significant advances have been made by the pro gay parenting movement, current legislation is for the most part geared against same sex marriage and adoption, this status quo should be maintained. Gay parents rights group argue that being raised by two parents of the same sex provides a balanced and healthy approach to parenting. This is untrue, being raised by gay parents means that the family unit has an unbalanced ratio of male and female role models in the home environment, you could reasonably expect that this imbalance would spread into the parents circle of friends and the people that the family socialise with on a regular basis. Children look for both a mother and a father and benefit from having both in the home. Ellis (2001) stated, "Gender plays a large role...we may not think these differences are politically correct but, by God, they're developmentally correct. One argument that gay parents have is that children don't need two sex couple role models. Having two parents of the same sex deprives the children of the chance to see how males and females interact in a family situation. Even though gay parents argue the children are exposed to their fair share of traditional male and female relationships, these may be somewhat censored as the visiting child is not part of that family and most families tend to keep certain things within the family. Parents are very strong role models and children are known to mimic what they see. "Men and women parent differently, each contribute different and positive ... ...y.proquest.com">http://gateway.proquest.com Schiffen, L. (2004, 29 Feb). How the judges forced the President's hand. New York Times. Retrieved Jul 30, 2004 from http://gateway.proquest.com Throckmorton, W. (2004). Do gay parents influence the Sexual Preferences of Children?. Retrieved Jul 30, 2004 from http://www.narth.com/docs/influence.html Unknown. (1999, Apr 6). Overview of gay and lesbian parenting, adoption and foster care. Retrieved Jul 30, 2004 from http://archive.aclu.org/issues/gay/parent.html Unknown. (2004). Facts and figures about kids with gay parents. Retrieved Jul 30, 2004 from http://www.colage.org/research/facts.html

Introduction to How PCs Work

When you mention the word â€Å"technology,† most people think about computers. Virtually every facet of our lives has some computerized component. The appliances in our homes have microprocessors built into them, as do our televisions. Even our cars have computers. But the computer that everyone thinks of first is typically the personal computer, or PC. A PC is a general-purpose tool built around a microprocessor.It has lots of different parts — including memory, a hard disk, a modem, and more — that work together. â€Å"General purpose† means that you can do many different things with a PC. You can use it to type documents, send e-mail, browse the Internet and play games. PCs trace their history back to the 1970s, when a man named Ed Roberts began to sell computer kits based on a microprocessor chip designed by Intel. Roberts called his computer the Altair 8800 and sold the unassembled kits for $395.Popular Electronics ran a story about the kid in its Ja nuary 1975 issue, and to the surprise of just about everyone, the kits became an instant hit and the era of the personal computer began [source: The Computer History Project]. A few years later, the dynamic duo of Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak unleashed the Apple II computer on the world. From that point on, the personal computer really began to take off. Other manufacturers followed suit, and soon there were computers from Commodore, Atari and Texas Instruments.Not long after the debut of the Apple II, IBM got into the personal computer game. Today, when someone says PC, chances are they mean a machine running on the Microsoft Windows operating system with an x86-compatible microprocessor. While Apple Macintosh computers are technically personal computers, most people wouldn't call them PCs. In this article, we will talk about PCs in the general sense and all the different parts that go into them. You'll learn about the various components and how they work together in a basic operat ing session.You'll also find out what the future may hold for these machines. PC Parts Let's take a look at the main components of a typical desktop computer: †¢ Central processing unit (CPU) – The microprocessor â€Å"brain† of the computer system is called the central processing unit. It's a chip that holds a complete computational engine. It uses assembly language as its native language. Everything that a computer does is overseen by the CPU. †¢ Memory – This is very fast storage used to hold data. It has to be fast because it connects directly to the microprocessor.There are several specific types of memory in a computer: †¢ Random-access memory (RAM) – Used to temporarily store information with which the computer is currently working †¢ Read-only memory (ROM) – A permanent type of memory storage used by the computer for important data that doesn't change †¢ Basic input/output system (BIOS) – A type of ROM that i s used by the computer to establish basic communication when the computer is first powered on †¢ Caching – The storing of frequently used data in extremely fast RAM that connects directly to the CPU †¢ Virtual memory – Space on a hard disk used to temporarily store data and swap it in and out of RAM as needed †¢ Flash memory – a solid state storage device, Flash memory requires no moving parts and retains data even after the computer powers off †¢ Motherboard – This is the main circuit board to which all of the other internal components connect. The CPU and memory are usually on the motherboard. Other systems may be found directly on the motherboard or connected to it through a secondary connection.For example, a sound card can be built into the motherboard or connected through an expansion slot. Power supply – An electrical transformer regulates the electricity used by the computer. †¢ Hard disk – This is large-capa city permanent storage used to hold information such as programs and documents. Traditional hard drives contain moving parts — the drive has platters on which it stores data. The drive spins the platters to record and read data. But some newer hard drives are flash-based with no moving parts. These drives are called solid-state drives. †¢ Operating system – This is the basic software that allows the user to interface with the computer. †¢ Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Controller – This is the primary interface for the hard drive, CD-ROM and floppy disk drive.Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) – This is a very high-speed connection used by the graphics card to interface with the computer. †¢ Sound card – This is used by the computer to record and play audio by converting analog sound into digital information and back again. †¢ Graphics card – This translates image data from the computer into a format that can be displaye d by the monitor. Some graphics cards have their own powerful processing units (called a GPU — graphics processing unit). The GPU can handle operations that normally would require the CPU. †¢ Ports – In computer hardware terms, a port is an interface that allows a computer to communicate with peripheral equipment. †¢ Real-time clock – Every PC has a clock containing a vibrating crystal.By referring to this clock, all the components in a computer can synchronize properly. †¢ Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor – The CMOS and CMOS battery allow a computer to store information even when the computer powers down. The battery provides uninterrupted power. †¢ Fans, heat sinks and cooling systems – The components in a computer generate heat. As heat rises, performance can suffer. Cooling systems keep computers from overheating. PC Connections A typical computer connects to the world around it in three different ways: input/output d evices, ports and networking. No matter how powerful the components inside your computer are, you need a way to interact with them. This interaction is called input/output (I/O).The most common types of I/O in PCs are: †¢ Monitor – The monitor is the primary device for displaying information from the computer. †¢ Keyboard – The keyboard is the primary device for entering information into the computer. †¢ Mouse – The mouse is the primary device for navigating and interacting with the computer. †¢ Removable storage – Removable storage devices allow you to add new information to your computer very easily, as well as save information that you want to carry to a different location. There are several types of removable storage: o CD-ROM – CD-ROM (compact disc, read-only memory) is a popular form of distribution of commercial software.Many systems now offer CD-R (recordable) and CD-RW (rewritable), which can also record. CD-RW discs ca n be erased and rewritten many times. o Flash memory – Based on a type of ROM called electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory provides fast, permanent storage. CompactFlash, SmartMedia and PCMCIA cards are all types of Flash memory. o DVD-ROM – DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc, read-only memory) is similar to CD-ROM but is capable of holding much more information. You may use Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to sync your music player or print driving directions, but many computers still have ports to help you connect to a wide selection of peripherals.While there have been others, two are most commonly found on newer computers: †¢ Universal Serial Bus (USB) – The most popular external connection, USB ports offer power and versatility and are incredibly easy to use. †¢ FireWire (IEEE 1394) – FireWire is a very popular method of connecting digital-video devices, such as camcorders or digital cameras, to your computer. Networking , especially to the Internet, is very important to today's computer users. Your computer can probably use one or more of these methods: †¢ Modem – This is the standard method of connecting to the Internet. †¢ Local area network (LAN) card – This is used by many computers, particularly those in an Ethernet office network, to connect to one another. Cable modem – This type of modem uses the cable system in your home, like the kind you might use to subscribe to cable TV, to connect to the Internet. †¢ Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem – This is a high-speed connection that works over a standard telephone line. †¢ Very high bit-rate DSL (VDSL) modem – A newer variation of DSL, VDSL requires that your phone line have fiber-optic cables. An even faster version called the gigabit per second DSL (GDSL) may follow [source: Cioffi, et al. ]. Powering Up a PC A typical computer session begins with turning on the power. Here's what happen s in that process: 1. You press the â€Å"On† button on the computer and the monitor. 2.You see the BIOS software doing its thing, called the power-on self-test (POST). On many machines, the BIOS displays text describing such data as the amount of memory installed in your computer and the type of hard disk you have. During this boot sequence, the BIOS does a remarkable amount of work to get your computer ready to run. †¢ The BIOS determines whether the video card is operational. Most video cards have a miniature BIOS of their own that initializes the memory and graphics processor on the card. If they don't, there is usually video-driver information on another ROM on the motherboard that the BIOS can load. †¢ The BIOS checks to see if this is a cold boot or a reboot. It does this by hecking the value at memory address 0000:0472. A value of 1234h indicates a reboot, in which case the BIOS skips the rest of POST. Any other value is considered a cold boot. †¢ If yo ur computer is undergoing a cold boot, the BIOS verifies RAM by performing a read/write test of each memory address. It checks for a keyboard and a mouse. It looks for an expansion bus and, if it finds one, checks all the connected cards. If the BIOS finds any errors during the POST, it notifies you with a series of beeps or a text message displayed on the screen. An error at this point is almost always a hardware problem. †¢ The BIOS displays some details about your system.This typically includes information about the following: o Processor o Floppy and hard drive o Memory o BIOS revision and date o Display †¢ Any special drivers, such as those for expansion cards, are loaded from the adapter and the BIOS displays the information. †¢ The BIOS looks at the sequence of storage devices identified as boot devices in the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) setup. Boot is short for â€Å"bootstrap,† as in the old phrase â€Å"Pull yourself up by your boo tstraps. † Boot refers to the process of launching the operating system. The BIOS tries to initiate the boot sequence from the first device using the bootstrap loader. 3.The bootstrap loader loads the operating system into memory and allows it to begin operation. It does this by setting up the divisions of memory that hold the operating system, user information and applications. The bootstrap loader then establishes the data structures that are used to communicate within and between the sub-systems and applications of the computer. Finally, it turns control of the computer over to the operating system. PC Operating Systems Once loaded, the operating system's tasks fall into six broad categories: †¢ Processor management – Breaking the tasks down into manageable chunks and prioritizing them before sending to the CPU †¢ Memory management -Coordinating the flow of data in and out of RAM and determining when virtual memory is necessary †¢ Device management â⠂¬â€œ Providing an interface between each device connected to the computer, the CPU and applications †¢ Storage management – Directing where data will be stored permanently on hard drives and other forms of storage †¢ Application Interface – Providing a standard communications and data exchange between software programs and the computer †¢ User Interface – Providing a way for you to communicate and interact with the computer Say, for example, that you open up a word processing program and type a letter, save it and then print it out. Several components work together to make this happen: ? The keyboard and mouse send your input to the operating system. The operating system determines that the word-processing program is the active program and accepts your input as data for that program. ?The word-processing program determines the format that the data is in and, via the operating system, stores it temporarily in RAM. ? Each instruction from the word- processing program is sent by the operating system to the CPU. These instructions are intertwined with instructions from other programs that the operating system is overseeing before being sent to the CPU. ? All this time, the operating system is steadily providing display information to the graphics card, directing what will be displayed on the monitor. When you choose to save the letter, the word-processing program sends a request to the operating system, which then provides a standard window for selecting where you wish to save the information and what you want to call it. Once you have chosen the name and file path, the operating system directs the data from RAM to the appropriate storage device. ? You click on â€Å"Print. † The word-processing program sends a request to the operating system, which translates the data into a format the printer understands and directs the data from RAM to the appropriate port for the printer you requested. ? You open up a Web browser and check out HowStuffWorks. Once again, the operating system coordinates all of the action. This time, though, the computer receives input from another source, the Internet, as well as from you.The operating system seamlessly integrates all incoming and outgoing information. ? You close the Web browser and choose the â€Å"Shut Down† option. ? The operating system closes all programs that are currently active. If a program has unsaved information, you're given an opportunity to save it before closing the program. ? The operating system writes its current settings to a special configuration file so that it will boot up next time with the same settings. ? If the computer provides software control of power, then the operating system will completely turn off the computer when it finishes its own shut-down cycle. Otherwise, you will have to turn the power off manually. The Future of PCsSilicon microprocessors have been the heart of the computing world for more than 40 years. In that time, microprocessor manufacturers have crammed more electronic devices onto microprocessors. In 1965, Intel founder Gordon Moore predicted that microprocessors would double in complexity every two years. Since then, the number of electronic devices put on a microprocessor has doubled every 18 months, and the prediction has come to be known as Moore's Law. Many have predicted that Moore's Law will soon reach its end because of the physical limitations of silicon microprocessors. 2008 HowStuffWorks Extreme ultraviolet lithography is the future of computer-chip manufacturing.The current process used to pack more transistors onto a chip is called deep-ultraviolet lithography (DUVL), which is a photography-like technique that focuses light through lenses to carve circuit patterns on silicon wafers. While new manufacturing techniques have extended the useful lifespan of the DUVL process, before long chip manufacturers will have to use new techniques to keep up with Moore's Law. Many are already looking at extreme-ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) as a way to extend the life of silicon at least until the end of the decade. EUVL uses mirrors instead of lenses to focus the light, which allows light with shorter wavelengths to focus on the silicon wafer accurately. To learn more about EUVL, see How EUVL Chipmaking Works.Beyond EUVL, researchers have been looking at alternatives to the traditional microprocessor design. Two of the more interesting emerging technologies are DNA computers and quantum computers. DNA computers have the potential to take computing to new levels, picking up where Moore's Law leaves off. There are several advantages to using DNA instead of silicon: †¢ As long as there are cellular organisms, there will be a supply of DNA. †¢ The large supply of DNA makes it a cheap resource. †¢ Unlike traditional microprocessors, which are made using toxic materials, DNA biochips can be made cleanly. †¢ DNA computers are many times smaller tha n today's computers.DNA's key advantage is that it will make computers smaller than any computer that has come before, while at the same time increasing storage capacity. One pound (0. 45 kilogram) of DNA has the capacity to store more information than all the electronic computers ever built. The computing power of a teardrop-sized DNA computer, using the DNA logic gates, will be more powerful than the world's most powerful supercomputer. More than 10 trillion DNA molecules can fit into an area no larger than 1 cubic centimeter (. 06 cubic inch). With this small amount of DNA, a computer would be able to hold 10 terabytes (TB) of data and perform 10 trillion calculations at a time. By adding more DNA, more calculations could be performed.Unlike conventional computers, DNA computers could perform calculations simultaneously. Conventional computers operate in linear fashion, taking on tasks one at a time. Parallel computing will allow DNA to solve complex mathematical problems in hour s — problems that might take electrical computers hundreds of years to complete. You can learn more about DNA computing in How DNA Computers Will Work. Today's computers work by manipulating bits that exist in one of two states: 0 or 1. Quantum computers aren't limited to two states; they encode information as quantum bits, or qubits. A qubit can be a 1 or a 0, or it can exist in a superposition that is simultaneously 1 and 0 or somewhere in between.Qubits represent atoms that are working together to serve as computer memory and a microprocessor. Because a quantum computer can contain these multiple states simultaneously, it has the potential to be millions of times more powerful than today's most powerful supercomputers. A 30-qubit quantum computer would equal the processing power of a conventional computer capable of running at 10 teraops, or trillions of operations per second. To equal the top of the line in supercomputers you'd need more qubits. The Roadrunner supercomput er can run at a petaflop — 1,000 trillian floating point operations per second. You can learn more about the potential of quantum computers in How Quantum Computers Will Work.

essay why its good essays

essay why its good essays My future as an architect. That is now my goal that I hope to reach hopefully very soon, at first I hadnt considered architecture has a career. When I started high school I was really thinking about becoming a chef because I like to make my own creation in food but then I changed my mind when I explored drafting now I can still design or create but only now in house which is more interesting. I choose drafting because it was a shop that I like and I was good at. From my 4 years of drafting I have acquired basic skill in drafting. I have work on freehanded sketching, actual working on the board I have use the basic tools like compass, protractor, ruler measuring and many other things. Then I moved a step up on to the computer where I spent three of my years there. I learn the CAD system and how it works once learning the system I could do the basic learning about mechanical drafting then I went on to architectual drafting which was the most interesting. In architectural drafting I learn the basic on a whole set of house plans and then I drew them up on AutoCAD on the computer. I really decided to be an architect for a living after my junior year in high school. I hope to have my own business and be very successful if life that is my goal that I must reach. I have been in a state competition for architectural drafting call VICA competing against the best i n the state I also like to do many things like exercise by playing basketball, which is my favorite also, playing baseball and football any thing to keep me in shape, so that must mean I not lazy. To follow my goal I hope to go to collage for architecture for six years and get my bachelors then work for a couple of years and then hopefully open my own business and come to reach my goal from the beginning. I think that is a successful life to be in. ...

Factors Influencing Organizational Effectiveness

Factors Influencing Organizational Effectiveness Importance of Vision, Mission and Values of an Organization It should be noted that long term goals play a crucial role in any organization’s development plans as compared to short term goals. Consequently, organizations have been known to put in place visions, missions and values to encourage stakeholders focus on a common goal.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Influencing Organizational Effectiveness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though visions, missions and values of organizations appear as meaningless statements to some people, they play a very important role in the quest to achieve long term objectives. They provide pillars on which organizations base their day-to-day aims as well as roadmaps on which long term strategies are founded (Hirschey, 2008). By aligning an organization’s vision, mission and values with the organization’s long term strategies, employees and other stakehold ers are given a yard stick to measure their activities. Furthermore, it has been noted that an organization whose strategic plans are in harmony with its vision, mission and values is more likely to succeed in the long run. All organizations aspire to be sustainable in the long run. In this regard, positive organizational culture is paramount in achieving these aims. However, organizational culture can only be fostered if proper vision, mission and values are put in place. In addition, company vision, mission and values are used guiding principals in streamlining projects so as to attain desired outcomes. In a nutshell, vision, mission and values give specific aims that a firm seeks to achieve. Techniques of Environmental Analysis Analysis of business environment is very important in determining success of an organization. Organizations use many techniques in analyzing business environment though cross-impact analysis and expert opinion are more effective. Cross-impact analysis allo ws comparison of variables besides forecasting of events (Freeman, 2010). On the same note, cross-impact analysis does not require extensive knowledge in mathematics for one to be able to use the model. As a result, many employees can be able to use it. Similarly, expert opinion technique is highly beneficial since it involves professional advice. Professionals are well experienced in matters relating to their areas of specialization and will, therefore, be in a good position to forecast future events. Though situations change, it has been noted that there is a tendency of circumstances being repeated overtime (Hirschey, 2008). Consequently, people experienced in various areas will be able to tell the expected trend of events. Incidentally, environmental analysis is crucial in ensuring long term sustainability and should therefore be dexterously handled. It is important to note that organizational effectiveness is influenced by both internal and external factors.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Factors Influencing Organizational Effectiveness In order to achieve long term goals of an organization, various factors have to be in play. To begin with, positive organizational culture should be insisted on since it ensures that all stakeholders work towards a common goal. Additionally, all strategies implemented by an organization should be customer focused, because an organization cannot survive without customers (Freeman, 2010). Moreover, reaction to any changes in the market should be swift in order to gain competitive advantage. In Addition, an organization where decision making process is decentralized is likely to perform better, because it is easy to react to abrupt changes in the market. On the contrary, organizations where top management makes all decisions are ineffective since it takes time to implement policies. Similarly, organizations with high ability of adapting to changes in the environment usually have sustainable growth (Freeman, 2010). References Freeman, R. E. (2010). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. New York: Cambridge University Press. Hirschey, M. (2008). Fundamentals of Managerial Economics. Stanford: Cengage Learning.

How does the 30 year plan for greater Adelaide aims to aid the Essay

How does the 30 year plan for greater Adelaide aims to aid the environmental protection and the relationship between environment - Essay Example The 30-year plan for greater Adelaide is made up of targets, policies, and governance directions that will aid in the general forecast period development of the greater Adelaide and the surrounding environment. Its key function includes the provision of dynamic target expressions of the region and particular advice with regards to lands that should be allocated as employment lands. 30 Year Plan of the Greater Adelaide Introduction The 30-year plan of Greater Adelaide provides directions and policies of land use, which will be incorporated into structure plans, including those of local Development. It provides population growth, employment and housing targets that are specific to each region. Environmental protection is also among the main functions of the 30-year plan for Greater Adelaide by ensuring sufficient plans for protection of the environment. Priorities of the use of land for employment and housing alongside infrastructure and long-term transport plans are set aside. Importa ntly, the well-developed transport network of the Greater Adelaide owes its success to the towns planning where the bus and train services are balanced and operated by contracting transit companies for effectiveness (Cervero, 1998, p 363). Plans for essential services such as water, health, electricity, and education are also set aside while activities of labor markets, industries, and lands are planned for economic growth. The 30-year plan is generally inclusive of the state competitiveness and productive capacity with regards to the mineral resources and primary productions of the Greater Adelaide. Implementation of the 30-Year Plan for Greater Adelaide In general terms, the 30 year plan of the greater Adelaide is a blueprint for solving environmental and economic issues that are being faced by the region. Public opinions and views are being put place through the comprehensive Plan where the community views are critical for development. The 30 year Plan is meant to enhance competi tiveness of South Australia through the efficient planning systems while ensuring that the region remains livable among its dwellers. The Plan addresses the problems of climate change, economic growth, population growth, technological advancement, ageing population and most important of all is the protection of the environment in its natural state. The plan is characterized by affordable strong housing and creation of employment for a vibrant economy and resilient urbanization. Through the 30 year plan, the region ensures housing and employment creation is achieved while preserving their heritage and maintaining a bigger portion of the metropolitan Adelaide in its previous state. The 30-year plan is meant for long-term benefits, as it combines all the essential elements to be planned to achieve sustainable development and environmental protection of the Greater Adelaide. Environmental protection of the Greater Adelaide bases its efforts on the South Australian Department for environ ment and heritage, which seeks to examine environmental issues through the program of free community forum. The community forum is proved useful to environmental protection as depicted by â€Å"the construction of a green roof and living wall display† (Hopkins and Goodwin, 2011, p.251). This 30 year plan of the greater Adelaide is underpinned with the largest spending in infrastructure in the history of South Australia. The plan involves additional

Outline and abstract Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Outline and abstract - Research Paper Example The term paper will focus on analyzing the legal imperative steps that must be taken in order for an online contract to be concluded. The concepts of offer, acceptance and consideration will be analyzed under the Canadian legal provisions, as well as the international acts regulating this domain. These steps will be critically analyzed by the author in order to explain the difficulties that might occur in their performance and to recommend, if possible, better solutions to overcoming these difficulties in the online world. The difference between an invitation to treat and an offer will be also explained, although it is sometimes difficult to establish. However, the paper will try to analyze it as thoroughly as possible so that most of the differentiating aspects are cleared up. The author will describe the legal characteristics that an offer must have and will also analyze them. The rules of acceptance will be explained and analyzed, focusing on the concept of cross-offer and the legal manners of acceptance, too. The paper will also focus on the moment of conclusion of online contracts, which is determined by the moment of acceptance. According to article 23 of UNCITRAL â€Å"a contract is concluded when an acceptance of an offer becomes effective†. The practical application of this stipulation will be also analyzed. In Canada, conclusion of online contracts falls under the jurisdiction of the following legislative acts: United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Electronic Commerce ("U.N. Model Law"); Uniform Electronic Commence Act (UECA); Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act; and the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act. The author will give a brief description of each of these acts, pointing out their strong and weak points. The research will be based on legislative acts, national and

Endangered Species Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Endangered Species - Research Paper Example -Many organizations are working together to ensure that these species do not get extinct. Endangered Species As the world is developing it is seen that several conflicts have arisen within the environment itself. These conflicts relate to the loss of natural surroundings such as the rain forests and Arctic ice. Moreover another trend which has been related to the development of the world is related to the extinction of certain species existing in the world. The organisms or species which are at risk of extinction are known as the endangered species. These species are the ones who are believed to get extinct because of the environmental and human factors involved. The species getting extinct are not limited to the developing nations of India and Pakistan but also spread to the developed world. It is for this purpose that many organizations have been formed all over the world to decrease the number of endangered species all over the world. The International Union for Conservation of Na ture is one organization dedicated to find solution to decrease the effect of environment on the endangered species. In 2010 the IUCN estimated the figures of the endangered species to be around 33 to 39% of all the species living in the world. This essay would further revolve on the aspects of the endangered species and would put forward the environmental effects that these endangered species pose in the society (IUCN 2011; WWF 2011). Periods of Endangered Species The extinction of the species dates back to many centuries when the dinosaurs and other such species existed. A Permian extinction is noted down to be dated back to around 250 million years when around 70% of the terrestrial animals along with 96% of the marine animals vanished. Similarly the age of dinosaurs came to an end because of the Cretaceous extinction which took place around 65 million years back. And when the experts analyze the current situation of the world it is seen that a great part of the species still rem ains endangered and this can create an extinction wave to occur all over again. The number of endangered species are increasing everyday because of the environmental and human factors involved at every stage. Earth is being developed at a rapid rate and this is creating difficulties for the species to survive. It is at this point that many states have realized the importance of the endangered species and have created laws to minimize the number of these species (Walsh 2009). Problems faced by the endangered species The endangered species are the most at risk when it comes to the issue of extinction. Extinction of this species can not only affect the habitat of the species but can also affect the ecosystem as a whole. An ecosystem can remain stable if all the species in it remain in a balanced environment. Thus a balanced ecosystem is necessary for the survival of everyone involved within the pyramid of the system. Human beings are involved with the ecosystem and thus they should mak e sure that the endangered species do not get extinct. Human factors are affecting the endangered species in different forms. Some experts relate the endangered species to the varying environment of the world which includes the climate. Climate change is being witnessed all over the world and this is harming the integrity of the species living in a habitat. However this climate change can be directly linked to the factors contributed by the human beings.

Indigenous Australians Essay Example for Free

Indigenous Australians Essay The current political scene in Australia has the following Indigenous aspects that have been issues for Australians for many years. These are: land rights, education, employment, health and breakdown of culture. These are the main matters of concern politically. ‘So it is like people say, â€Å"Trust me. I’m from the government. † Well, it doesn’t carry any water with our mob’. ( Koori elder, cited in Kaplan-Myrth, Nili, 2005) Recognising that Aborigines and Torres Strait islanders were the First Peoples of Australia and entitled to land rights because of their own culture and laws is a significant part of history and relevant to today’s politics. The persistent land grabs through NSW and Tasmania, the slaughter of the Indigenous, and the controlling policies over the Indigenous are highlighted as part of our history. The Indigenous link to the land and their customs makes native titles a reality, as seen in the Mabo case, and shapes our history as one of the most contentious political situations in Australia today. When the first Europeans set foot on Australian soil, the British Empire declared the land as terra nullius, embarking on a project of land procurement to start a new colony (Macintyre, 2009). In the period 1788 – 1820, many new settlements were developed from Sydney to the Hawkesbury, Parramatta and the Blue Mountains. Governor Philips originally ordered that the Aboriginals be treated with kindness but this sentiment soon disappeared as many Aboriginals, including women and children, were slaughtered for protecting their land. Tasmanian Aboriginals suffered the same fate and were eventually coaxed to live on surrounding islands as per the Batman ‘treaty’ (Macintyre, 2009). Many of the pastoral and grazing lands were taken illegally by squatters who saw a way to make money through occupying land and holding legal interest. This eventually led to squatters licensing 1839, leasing of land and finally the right to buy 1839-1847(Weaver, 1996). Other demands to make land easier for small farmers to acquire came through land reform Acts that started in 1850’s (Boot, 1998). None of these considerations were extended to the original owners of the land. The land was removed from the indigenous community including their rights and culture and the Indigenous people forced to live under the common category as Aborigine. From 1890, the government embarked on various policies for the indigenous people but in most cases further separated them from their culture. The 1901 Australian Constitution stated that Australian Aboriginals and Torres Straight Islanders were not counted in the census thus affirming lack of recognition. 1905, the White Australia policy restricted immigration and still failed to recognise Australia’s original inhabitants (Macintyre, 2009). Different Aboriginal Community and Protection acts were enforced which removed children from their parents (stolen generations) and made the Indigenous people wards of the state. The instigation of the Assimilation policy, 1937, where it was presumed that all Australians in time would be living like white Australians, exasperated the loss of identity. Even the history of conflict between Indigenous and the military is under debate as Keith Windschuttle argued the numbers of Indigenous killed in battles were considerably fewer than some historians estimate (Harris, J.2003). By the 1960’s the civil rights movements had started the beginning of national black consciousness and in 1967 the Commonwealth referendum voted to empower the Commonwealth to legislate for all Aboriginal people to be counted in the census and give the Commonwealth government specific laws for Indigenous people. Using this as momentum the policy of self determination was initiated which gave powers of self governance and relied on Aboriginals in some remote areas to establish economic independence. This proved to be disappointing as most depended on state welfare (Macintrye, 2009,). However, some Aboriginal Community controlled health facilities have made small advances. The first facility opened in Redfern 1971 (Kaplan-Myrth, Nili, 2005). The most prominent gain for the Indigenous people is the1992 Mabo Case which recognised Aborigines and Torres Straight Islanders as the first people of this land and overturned the doctrine of terra nullius acknowledging the existence of native title. This decision pitted governments, pastoralists, mining industries and the Indigenous peoples against each other. In conjunction with the Mabo Case came the Native Titles Act which commenced operation in 1994 and emphasised the importance of Indigenous people belonging to the land and the significance of Aboriginal culture and laws (Perkins, 2009) Shortly after, the courts ruled in favour of the Wik Case and declared that pastoral leases did not necessarily overrule native title. As a result, relationships between Indigenous people, Government and Australian land owners were strained as native title was not fully understood. When the 1997 Bringing Them Home report described the removal of children from Indigenous families it became the incentive needed to call for an apology and one was finally given by the Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, on 13th February 2008. This was to be the beginning of reconciliation. However, since then, more policies have been made that restrict how the Indigenous receive payments and ‘standards of behaviour’. (Singleton, Aitkin, Jinks, Warhurst, 2013). Aboriginal and non Aboriginal people have not trusted each other for more than 200 years, clearly this continues. This paper shows that our history is relevant to relationships between the Government and Indigenous people. It highlights the abuse of Indigenous people by colonial settlers when taking the lands and their rights. It shows the fight for the Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders that was acknowledged through the courts and the start to reconciliation. Understandably, it shows that a very insecure relationship continues. Referenceshave come to stay | Sunday 11 April at 8: Boot, H. (1998). Government and the Colonial Economies. In Australian Economic History Review, 38 (1), 74-101. Harris, J. (2003). Hiding the bodies: the myth of the humane colonisation of Aboriginal Australia. Aboriginal history, 27, 79-101. Kaplan-Myrth, Nili. (2005). Sorry Mates: Reconciliation and Self-Determination in Australian Aboriginal Health. Human Rights Review, Jul-Sep, 6(4),69-83. Macintyre, S. (2009). A Concise history of Australia (3rd ed.), Melbourne: Cambridge University Perkins, R. (2009). SBS Television. ‘A fair deal for a dark race’, Episode 6, the First Australians; retrieved from http://www. sbs. com. au/firstaustralians/index/index/epid/6 Perkins, R. (2009). SBS Television. We are no longer Shadows, Episode 7, the First Australians; retrieved fromhttp://www. sbs. com. au/firstaustralians/index/index/epid/7r deal for a dark race | Sunday 16 May at 8:30pm Singleton, Aitkin, Jinks, Warhurst. (2013). Australian Political Institutions. (10th Ed. ). Pearson Australia.